The project will establish a modern integrated observational system developed around three fundamental components: the observational component, the informational component, and the numerical modeling component. These will be interconnected so that data and forecasting results, for each specific activity, will be processed and made available not only through technical-scientific reports, but also integrated and represented through a GIS platform. This will enable the creation of thematic maps of the entire area, with the possibility of overlaying simulation results onto experimental characterization results in order to correctly assess potential effects on ecosystems, including those related to natural environmental variations and climate change.

The highly innovative aspect that summarizes the integration between models, scenarios, and experimental field and laboratory data is based on predictive systems that employ the modern paradigm of Digital Twins, allowing not only the simulation of the role of stressors on habitats but also the prediction of ecosystem responses and evolution under varying “drivers,” both anthropogenic (e.g., pollution) and climate-related (e.g., increases in wave motion, sea surface temperatures, rainfall, etc.).

The monitoring system will serve two main functions:

• To help mitigate and control the direct and indirect effects of port construction activities, contributing to knowledge of the marine environment—also through the creation of GIS thematic maps—and understanding ecosystem responses, including those linked to climate change.

• To monitor and control all compensation measures related to Posidonia oceanica, coralligenous habitats, Pinna nobilis, Cystoseira spp., and Corallium rubrum, including monitoring the recovery of ecosystem functions and calculating the effectiveness of compensation interventions in terms of ecosystem services.